Erythema nodosum
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Prejavuje sa ako bolestivý erytematózny uzlík na nohe.
References
Erythema nodosum je najbežnejší typ panikulitídy, ktorý sa vyznačuje bolestivými červenými uzlinami, ktoré sa vyskytujú najmä na dolných končatinách. Jeho presná príčina zostáva neznáma, ale zdá sa, že je výsledkom prehnanej reakcie na rôzne spúšťače. Hoci jeho pôvod je často neistý, pred diagnostikovaním primary erythema nodosum je nevyhnutné vylúčiť iné základné stavy. Môže naznačovať začiatok systémových ochorení, ako sú infekcie, zápaly, rakovina alebo reakcie na lieky. Bežné spúšťače zahŕňajú strep infections, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, certain medications, and pregnancy.
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Panniculitis označuje rôznorodý súbor zápalových stavov postihujúcich tukové tkanivo pod kožou. Tieto stavy sú u detí zriedkavé. Panniculitis môže byť hlavným problémom pri systémovom stave alebo sekundárnou reakciou na faktory, ako je infekcia, zranenie alebo určité lieky. Bez ohľadu na príčinu väčšina typov panniculitis vykazuje podobné príznaky vrátane bolestivých červených uzlín pod kožou.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitis , zápal tukovej vrstvy pod kožou, je zriedkavý stav, ktorý sa zvyčajne prejavuje ako opuchnuté uzliny alebo škvrny. Erythema nodosum (EN) je najbežnejším typom, ktorý je často spúšťaný rôznymi faktormi. Zatiaľ čo približne 55 % prípadov nemá jasnú príčinu, medzi bežné spúšťače patria infekcie, lieky, niektoré choroby, ako je sarkoidóza a zápalové ochorenie čriev, tehotenstvo a rakovina. EN sa zvyčajne objavuje u dospievajúcich a mladých dospelých, častejšie u žien. Často mu predchádza všeobecný pocit choroby trvajúci jeden až tri týždne s príznakmi ako horúčka a problémy s hornými dýchacími cestami. Potom sa objavia červené uzliny, zvyčajne na vonkajších stranách rúk a nôh, čo spôsobuje bolesť. Presná príčina EN nie je úplne pochopená, ale predpokladá sa, že zahŕňa imunitné komplexy v malých krvných cievach tukovej vrstvy, čo vedie k zápalu. Biopsia zvyčajne ukazuje zápal v tukovej vrstve bez poškodenia krvných ciev. Dokonca aj bez špecifickej liečby základnej príčiny EN často ustúpi sama. Takže väčšina pacientov potrebuje iba podpornú starostlivosť o svoje symptómy.
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
Erythema nodosum je diagnostikovaná klinicky. Na potvrdenie neistej diagnózy je možné odobrať biopsiu a mikroskopicky ju vyšetriť. Na vylúčenie pľúcnych ochorení, najmä sarkoidózy a tuberkulózy, je potrebné urobiť RTG hrudníka.